DETAILED NOTES ON PPLN CRYSTAL

The mechanism for GRIIRA emanates from the creation of polarons from crystal defects such as, Nb ions occupying Li ion sites (known as antisite defects), and Fe ion impurities. Doping lithium niobate with MgO reduces the onset of GRIIRA, because it will allow Mg ions to interchange the Nb antisite defects.Laser induced destruction (LIDT) could orig